Introduction
Coaching is as much about asking the right questions as it is about giving advice. One of the most effective questioning techniques comes from the Socratic method—an approach pioneered by Socrates himself. Today, we’re going to explore a coaching technique I call The Naive Enquirer—a method that helps clients question their own beliefs by making them explain and justify their thinking.
This technique challenges limiting beliefs without directly confronting them, making it a powerful tool for coaches. Even if you’re not a coach, you can use it to help people in your life without imposing your views on them.
The Core Idea Behind the Naive Enquirer
The Naive Enquirer is a method to use whenever someone makes a truthful claim, a statement of fact, or a belief that appears to be unhelpful or limiting. When someone believes something to be true, and that belief prevents them from doing what they need to do, it’s time to step in with this technique.
This approach requires you to adopt the mindset that they are wrong—because we are all wrong in some way. Socrates famously said, “The only thing we know for certain is that we know nothing for certain.” He assumed that every belief people held was at least partly flawed, and he picked apart their reasoning by asking questions that challenged their assumptions.
Essentially, you play Devil’s Advocate against a belief that isn’t serving them well.
Three Key Principles of the Naive Enquirer
To effectively apply this technique in coaching sessions, I use three core principles:
- Define the terms
- Ask for reason and evidence
- Explore the exceptions
Let’s break these down in detail.
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1. Define the Terms
Whenever a client uses significant words related to their belief, ask them to define what those words mean. This serves two important purposes:
- As a coach, you may assume you understand what they mean, but their definition might be different from yours. Understanding their unique meaning is crucial.
- The client may not even fully understand what they mean by their own words, which can reveal gaps in their reasoning.
For example, if a client says, “I need to get into a relationship,” you should ask, “What do you mean by relationship?” While it seems like a universally understood word, their version of a relationship may be very different from yours.
Sometimes, an entire coaching session can be spent defining a single term. I once had a client who said, “I need to do things to a certain standard—I’m a perfectionist.” When I asked her to define what “a certain standard” meant, she couldn’t. We spent half an hour trying to define it, and she realized that she had set a standard that didn’t actually exist—making it impossible to achieve.
2. Ask for Reason and Evidence
Once terms are defined, the next step is to challenge their statements of fact and assumptions of truth. These beliefs are often embedded within their reasoning and go unquestioned.
For example, if a client says, “I really struggle to get into a relationship because I’m a loser,” there’s a hidden belief underneath: That being in a relationship is essential for happiness.
You can challenge this by asking:
- “Where’s the evidence that says you need to be in a relationship?”
- “How did you come to that conclusion?”
- “What’s the logical argument behind that?”
Even if you personally believe relationships are important, challenge yourself to question that belief alongside them. Adopt a naive mindset, as if you’ve never encountered the concept before. Approach it with curiosity, saying something like:
“Why would you need to be in a relationship? Tell me about it, help me understand.”
This forces them to articulate their reasoning—and often, they’ll realize they’ve never actually questioned it themselves.
3. Explore the Exceptions
Many limiting beliefs are framed as absolute truths:
- “Nobody likes me.”
- “I’m too old to get a promotion.”
- “If I approach a woman, she’ll think it’s harassment.”
The next step is to look for exceptions to their belief. Ask:
- “Has there ever been a time when someone liked you?”
- “Has anyone ever gotten a promotion at your age?”
- “Do you know for sure that every woman would react negatively?”
Often, the client will recall a contradiction in their own life. If someone says, “I never stand up for myself,” you can respond with:
“Tell me about one time when you did.”
There’s always an exception. If they say, “Oh, when I was 21, my mom tried to make me go to university, but I refused.” You then highlight the contradiction:
“So, on one hand, you say you never stand up for yourself, but on the other, you have a clear memory of standing up for yourself. What was different about that time?”
The exception contains the recipe for success. If they’ve done it once, they can do it again.
Breaking Down Beliefs, One Step at a Time
The goal of the Naive Enquirer is to weaken certainty about limiting beliefs. If someone is 100% sure of something that’s holding them back, your job is to bring that certainty down—99%, 98%, 97%—just enough to open the door for change.
By exposing exceptions and contradictions, you help them see that their belief is not absolute. Instead of focusing on why they can’t, shift the conversation toward how they could.
Conclusion
The Naive Enquirer is a powerful coaching technique that encourages deep self-examination. To summarize:
- Define the terms—Make sure you and your client both understand what they really mean.
- Ask for reason and evidence—Challenge their assumptions and hidden beliefs.
- Explore the exceptions—Find contradictions and expose the possibility of change.
This method takes practice, but when mastered, it can break through limiting beliefs with remarkable effectiveness. To enhance your ability with this approach, I recommend studying cognitive biases, as they will add even more depth to your questioning skills.
Remember: Don’t believe anything anyone says at face value. Question every term, challenge every conclusion, and always look for the exceptions. That’s how you help people grow.
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